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PTGS1 Gene Record

  • Summary
  • Interactions
  • Claims
  • PTGS1 5742 Druggable Genome

    Alternate Names:

    5742
    PROSTAGLANDIN-ENDOPEROXIDE SYNTHASE 1
    PTGS1
    COX1
    COX3
    PCOX1
    PES-1
    PGG/HS
    PGHS-1
    PGHS1
    PHS1
    PTGHS
    176805
    9604
    ENSG00000095303
    OTTHUMG00000020605
    PA24346
    Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1
    Cyclooxygenase-1
    Prostaglandin H2 synthase 1
    COX-1
    PGH synthase 1
    PHS 1
    P23219
    PGH1_HUMAN
    1375
    BE0000017
    PROSTAGLANDIN G/H SYNTHASE 1 PRECURSOR (EC 1.14.99.1) (CYCLOOXYGENASE- 1) (COX-1) (PROSTAGLANDIN-ENDOPEROXIDE SYNTHASE 1) (PROSTAGLANDIN H2 SYNTHASE 1) (PGH SYNTHASE 1) (PGHS-1) (PHS 1). [SOURCE:UNIPROT/SWISSPROT;ACC:P23219]
    T60529

    Gene Info:

    Target Subclass 1.14.99.1
    Target Main Class Enzymes
    Target Class Enzymes
    Target Subclass EC:1.14.99.1
    Human Readable Name DRUGGABLE GENOME
    Interpro Acc IPR002007
    Interpro Short Name Haem_peroxidase_animal
    Uniprot Evidence 1: Evidence at protein level
    Interpro Type Family
    Uniprot Status Swiss-Prot
    Interpro Name Haem peroxidase, animal
    Gene Biotype PROTEIN_CODING
    GuideToPharmacology Gene Category Name Cyclooxygenase
    GuideToPharmacology Gene Category ID 269
    (10 More Sources)

    Gene Categories: Category Details

    DRUGGABLE GENOME
    ENZYME

    Publications:

    Hinz et al., 2008, Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in man., FASEB J.
    Chen et al., 2002, TTD: Therapeutic Target Database., Nucleic Acids Res.
    Sinning C et al., 2008, New analgesics synthetically derived from the paracetamol metabolite N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatetra-5,8,11,14-enamide., J Med Chem
    Allgayer, 2003, Review article: mechanisms of action of mesalazine in preventing colorectal carcinoma in inflammatory bowel disease., Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.
    Llorens et al., 2002, Differential binding mode of diverse cyclooxygenase inhibitors., J. Mol. Graph. Model.
    Bender et al., 2007, Analysis of pharmacology data and the prediction of adverse drug reactions and off-target effects from chemical structure., ChemMedChem
    Warner et al., 1999, Nonsteroid drug selectivities for cyclo-oxygenase-1 rather than cyclo-oxygenase-2 are associated with human gastrointestinal toxicity: a full in vitro analysis., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
    Loll et al., 1996, Synthesis and use of iodinated nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug analogs as crystallographic probes of the prostaglandin H2 synthase cyclooxygenase active site., Biochemistry
    Morton et al., 2005, Preferential and non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors reduce inflammation during lipopolysaccharide-induced synovitis., Res. Vet. Sci.
    Beretta et al., 2005, COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition in horse blood by phenylbutazone, flunixin, carprofen and meloxicam: an in vitro analysis., Pharmacol. Res.
    Zitova et al., 2010, Analysis of activity and inhibition of oxygen-dependent enzymes by optical respirometry on the LightCycler system., Anal. Biochem.
    Yu et al., 2013, Influence of CYP2C8 polymorphisms on the hydroxylation metabolism of paclitaxel, repaglinide and ibuprofen enantiomers in vitro., Biopharm Drug Dispos
    Martić et al., 2004, Synthesis, biological activity and molecular modeling studies of novel COX-1 inhibitors., Eur J Med Chem
    Vitale P et al., 2013, Synthesis, pharmacological characterization, and docking analysis of a novel family of diarylisoxazoles as highly selective cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitors., J Med Chem
    Mazaleuskaya LL et al., 2015, PharmGKB summary: ibuprofen pathways., Pharmacogenet Genomics
    Gupta et al., 2004, Manipulation of kinetic profiles in 2-aryl propionic acid cyclooxygenase inhibitors., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
    Hillarp, 2004, [Acetylsalicylic acid resistance--clinical diagnosis with unclear mechanism]., Lakartidningen
    Patrignani, 2003, Aspirin insensitive eicosanoid biosynthesis in cardiovascular disease., Thromb. Res.
    Chavez et al., 2003, Valdecoxib: a review., Clin Ther
    Sangkuhl K et al., 2011, Platelet aggregation pathway., Pharmacogenet Genomics
    Lepäntalo A et al., 2006, Polymorphisms of COX-1 and GPVI associate with the antiplatelet effect of aspirin in coronary artery disease patients., Thromb Haemost
    Verschuren JJ et al., 2013, Value of platelet pharmacogenetics in common clinical practice of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction., Int J Cardiol
    Kundu et al., 2005, Cyclooxygenase inhibitors modulate NK activities that control metastatic disease., Cancer Immunol. Immunother.
    Higuchi et al., 2004, Indomethacin, but not Helicobacter pylori, inhibits adaptive relaxation in isolated guinea-pig stomach., Drugs Exp Clin Res
    Bobadilla L et al., 2005, Effect of pregnancy on the roles of nitric oxide and prostaglandins in 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contractions in rat isolated thoracic and abdominal aorta., Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol.
    Christ AN et al., 2010, Development and characterization of new inhibitors of the human and mouse hematopoietic prostaglandin D(2) synthases., J Med Chem
    Moth et al., 2005, Stereoselective binding of indomethacin ethanolamide derivatives to cyclooxygenase-1., J. Med. Chem.
    Hanna MM, 2012, New pyrimido[5,4-e]pyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidines: synthesis, 2D-QSAR, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and ulcerogenicity studies., Eur J Med Chem
    Blanco et al., 1999, Effect of antiinflammatory drugs on COX-1 and COX-2 activity in human articular chondrocytes., J. Rheumatol.
    Fornai et al., 2005, Role of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 in the modulation of neuromuscular functions in the distal colon of humans and mice., Gut
    Ottonello et al., 2009, Delayed apoptosis of human monocytes exposed to immune complexes is reversed by oxaprozin: role of the Akt/IkappaB kinase/nuclear factor kappaB pathway., Br. J. Pharmacol.
    Kawai, 1998, Cyclooxygenase selectivity and the risk of gastro-intestinal complications of various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a clinical consideration., Inflamm. Res.
    Kean, 2004, Oxaprozin: kinetic and dynamic profile in the treatment of pain., Curr Med Res Opin
    Zhou et al., 2009, Design, synthesis, and in-vivo evaluation of 4,5-diaryloxazole as novel nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug., Biol. Pharm. Bull.
    Yood et al., 2006, The impact of NSAID or COX-2 inhibitor use on the initiation of antihypertensive therapy., Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf
    Gamache et al., 2000, Nepafenac, a unique nonsteroidal prodrug with potential utility in the treatment of trauma-induced ocular inflammation: I. Assessment of anti-inflammatory efficacy., Inflammation
    Young et al., 1996, Human whole blood assays for inhibition of prostaglandin G/H synthases-1 and -2 using A23187 and lipopolysaccharide stimulation of thromboxane B2 production., Inflamm. Res.
    Cappon et al., 2003, Relationship between cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 selective inhibitors and fetal development when administered to rats and rabbits during the sensitive periods for heart development and midline closure., Birth Defects Res. B Dev. Reprod. Toxicol.
    Chen et al., 2005, Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of N-acetyl-2-carboxybenzenesulfonamides: a novel class of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors., Bioorg. Med. Chem.
    James et al., 2007, Selective COX-2 inhibitors, eicosanoid synthesis and clinical outcomes: a case study of system failure., Lipids
    Brutzkus JC et al., 2020, Naproxen,
    Brune et al., Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of the ideal COX-2 inhibitor: a pharmacologist's perspective., Clin. Exp. Rheumatol.
    Schmidt et al., 1991, Involvement of pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins in the hormonal inhibition of dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ currents in an insulin-secreting cell line (RINm5F)., J. Biol. Chem.
    Josephs et al., 1999, Products of cyclooxygenase-2 catalysis regulate postoperative bowel motility., J. Surg. Res.
    Stevenson, 2004, Aspirin and NSAID sensitivity., Immunol Allergy Clin North Am
    Poggi et al., 2006, Pharmacodynamics, chiral pharmacokinetics, and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of fenoprofen in patients with diabetes mellitus., J Clin Pharmacol
    Wang H et al., 1999, Antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities of anthocyanins and their aglycon, cyanidin, from tart cherries., J Nat Prod
    Overington et al., 2006, How many drug targets are there?, Nat Rev Drug Discov
    Imming et al., 2006, Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets., Nat Rev Drug Discov
    Wiggins et al., 2009, Balsalazide: a novel 5-aminosalicylate prodrug for the treatment of active ulcerative colitis., Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol
    Cipollone et al., 1995, Effects of nabumetone on prostanoid biosynthesis in humans., Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.
    Bensen et al., 1998, Newer, safer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Rational NSAID selection for arthritis., Can Fam Physician
    Takeuchi et al., 2006, Prevalence and mechanism of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced clinical relapse in patients with inflammatory bowel disease., Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.
    Giuliano et al., 2001, Cyclooxygenase selectivity of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs in humans: ex vivo evaluation., Eur. J. Pharmacol.
    Gates BJ et al., 2005, Meloxicam: a reappraisal of pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety., Expert Opin Pharmacother
    Panara et al., 1999, Dose-dependent inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase-1 and monocyte cyclooxygenase-2 by meloxicam in healthy subjects., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
    Bekker A et al., 2018, Meloxicam in the management of post-operative pain: Narrative review., J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol
    Glaser et al., 1995, Etodolac selectively inhibits human prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PGHS-2) versus human PGHS-1., Eur. J. Pharmacol.
    Riendeau et al., 1997, Biochemical and pharmacological profile of a tetrasubstituted furanone as a highly selective COX-2 inhibitor., Br. J. Pharmacol.
    Campbell et al., 2002, The effects of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors on bile-injured and normal equine colon., Equine Vet. J.
    Hirate et al., 2006, Zaltoprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, inhibits bradykinin-induced pain responses without blocking bradykinin receptors., Neurosci. Res.
    Wilson et al., 2004, Determination of expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 isozymes in canine tissues and their differential sensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs., Am. J. Vet. Res.
    Raju et al., 2002, Differential modulation of transforming growth factor-betas and cyclooxygenases in the platelet lysates of male F344 rats by dietary lipids and piroxicam., Mol. Cell. Biochem.
    Bugajski et al., 2001, Involvement of constitutive (COX-1) and inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in the adrenergic-induced ACTH and corticosterone secretion., J. Physiol. Pharmacol.
    Fackovcova et al., 2000, Renal damage induced by the treatment with non-opioid analgesics--theoretical assumption or clinical significance., Bratisl Lek Listy
    Veiga et al., 2004, Prevention by celecoxib of secondary hyperalgesia induced by formalin in rats., Life Sci.
    Berry et al., 1983, Antrafenine, naproxen and placebo in osteoarthritis: a comparative study., Br. J. Rheumatol.
    Hassan et al., 1982, A comparison of antrafenine and aspirin on platelet aggregation and frusemide-induced diuresis., Postgrad Med J
    Koeberle A et al., 2014, SAR studies on curcumin's pro-inflammatory targets: discovery of prenylated pyrazolocurcuminoids as potent and selective novel inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase., J Med Chem
    Kurahashi et al., 2001, Nicotine-induced contraction in the rat coronary artery: possible involvement of the endothelium, reactive oxygen species and COX-1 metabolites., J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol.
    Rieke et al., 1999, The role of arginine 120 of human prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase-2 in the interaction with fatty acid substrates and inhibitors., J. Biol. Chem.
    Hewett et al., 2000, Cyclooxygenase-2 contributes to N-methyl-D-aspartate-mediated neuronal cell death in primary cortical cell culture., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
    Klegeris et al., Cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors protect against mononuclear phagocyte neurotoxicity., Neurobiol. Aging
    Basselin et al., 2007, Flurbiprofen, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, reduces the brain arachidonic acid signal in response to the cholinergic muscarinic agonist, arecoline, in awake rats., Neurochem. Res.
    Dröge et al., Alternative splicing of cyclooxygenase-1 mRNA in the human iris., Ophthalmic Res.
    Nivsarkar et al., Cyclooxygenase inhibitors: a novel direction for Alzheimer's management., Pharmacol Rep
    Waterbury et al., 2006, Comparison of cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity and ocular anti-inflammatory effects of ketorolac tromethamine and bromfenac sodium., Curr Med Res Opin
    Berman et al., 2000, The Protein Data Bank., Nucleic Acids Res.
    Giuliano et al., 1999, Ex vivo assay to determine the cyclooxygenase selectivity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs., Br. J. Pharmacol.
    Cheng et al., 2002, Vascular effects of COX inhibition and AT1 receptor blockade in transgenic rats harboring mouse renin-2 gene., J. Physiol. Pharmacol.
    Soriano et al., 1999, Synergistic effects of new chemopreventive agents and conventional cytotoxic agents against human lung cancer cell lines., Cancer Res.
    Cheng et al., 2003, Cardiovascular and renal effects of cyclooxygenase inhibition in transgenic rats harboring mouse renin-2 gene (TGR[mREN2]27)., Eur. J. Pharmacol.
    Lim et al., 1999, Sulindac derivatives inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in human prostate cancer cell lines., Biochem. Pharmacol.
    Lúcio et al., 2006, Interactions between oxicams and membrane bilayers: an explanation for their different COX selectivity., Med Chem
    Kothekar et al., Recognition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) active site by NSAIDs: a computer modelling study., Indian J. Biochem. Biophys.
    Lora et al., 1997, Expression of recombinant human cyclooxygenase isoenzymes in transfected COS-7 cells in vitro and inhibition by tenoxicam, indomethacin and aspirin., Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids
    Yamada et al., 1997, Prostaglandin E2 production dependent upon cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 and its contradictory modulation by auranofin in rat peritoneal macrophages., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
    Ozgocmen et al., 2005, In vivo effect of celecoxib and tenoxicam on oxidant/ anti-oxidant status of patients with knee osteoarthritis., Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci.
    Zúñiga et al., 2003, Effects of steroidal and non steroidal drugs on the neovascularization response induced by tumoral TA3 supernatant on CAM from chick embryo., Biol. Res.
    Parsadaniantz et al., 2000, Effects of the inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase 1 or 2 or 5-lipoxygenase on the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis induced by interleukin-1beta in the male Rat., J. Neuroendocrinol.
    Levoin et al., 2004, Elucidation of the mechanism of inhibition of cyclooxygenases by acyl-coenzyme A and acylglucuronic conjugates of ketoprofen., Biochem. Pharmacol.
    Dionne et al., Analgesia and COX-2 inhibition., Clin. Exp. Rheumatol.
    Uzan, 2005, The unexpected side effects of new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs., Expert Opin Emerg Drugs
    Bosch-Marcè et al., 1999, Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 spares renal function and prostaglandin synthesis in cirrhotic rats with ascites., Gastroenterology
    Blais et al., 2005, Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibition increases the inflammatory response in the brain during systemic immune stimuli., J. Neurochem.
    Lashbrook et al., 1999, Synergistic antiallodynic effects of spinal morphine with ketorolac and selective COX1- and COX2-inhibitors in nerve-injured rats., Pain
    Kämpfer et al., 2003, Cyclooxygenase-1-coupled prostaglandin biosynthesis constitutes an essential prerequisite for skin repair., J. Invest. Dermatol.
    Hinz et al., 2003, Aceclofenac spares cyclooxygenase 1 as a result of limited but sustained biotransformation to diclofenac., Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.
    Calkin et al., 2002, Rapid potentiation of endothelium-dependent vasodilation by estradiol in postmenopausal women is mediated via cyclooxygenase 2., J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
    Kirchheiner et al., 2003, Pharmacokinetics of diclofenac and inhibition of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2: no relationship to the CYP2C9 genetic polymorphism in humans., Br J Clin Pharmacol
    Nurtjahja-Tjendraputra et al., 2003, Effective anti-platelet and COX-1 enzyme inhibitors from pungent constituents of ginger., Thromb. Res.
    Kennedy et al., 2003, Prostaglandin levels in seminal plasma and sperm extracts of the domestic turkey, and the effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors on sperm mobility., Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol.
    Capasso, 1999, Further studies on the involvement of the arachidonic acid cascade in the acute dependence produced by mu, kappa and delta opioid agonists in isolated tissues., Neuropharmacology
    Capasso et al., 1997, Arachidonic acid and its metabolites are involved in the expression of morphine dependence in guinea-pig isolated ileum., Eur. J. Pharmacol.
    Burdan et al., 2005, Skeletal developmental effects of selective and nonselective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors administered through organogenesis and fetogenesis in Wistar CRL:(WI)WUBR rats., Toxicology
    Das, 2005, Can COX-2 inhibitor-induced increase in cardiovascular disease risk be modified by essential fatty acids?, J Assoc Physicians India
    Levin et al., 2002, Differential metabolism of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid by cyclo-oxygenase-1 and cyclo-oxygenase-2: implications for cellular synthesis of prostaglandin E1 and prostaglandin E2., Biochem. J.
    Malkowski et al., 2001, Structure of eicosapentaenoic and linoleic acids in the cyclooxygenase site of prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase-1., J. Biol. Chem.
    Das, 2005, COX-2 inhibitors and metabolism of essential fatty acids., Med. Sci. Monit.
    Thuresson et al., 2001, Mutational and X-ray crystallographic analysis of the interaction of dihomo-gamma -linolenic acid with prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases., J. Biol. Chem.
    Ringbom T et al., 1998, Ursolic acid from Plantago major, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis., J Nat Prod
    Cryer et al., 1998, Cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 selectivity of widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs., Am. J. Med.
    Sinniah et al., 2001, Acute renal failure from hemoglobinuric and interstitial nephritis secondary to iodine and mefenamic acid., Clin. Nephrol.
    Gierse et al., 1995, Expression and selective inhibition of the constitutive and inducible forms of human cyclo-oxygenase., Biochem. J.
    Joo et al., 2006, Mefenamic acid shows neuroprotective effects and improves cognitive impairment in in vitro and in vivo Alzheimer's disease models., Mol. Pharmacol.
    Laudanno et al., 1998, [In vivo selectivity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on COX-1-COX-2 and gastrointestinal ulcers, in rats]., Acta Gastroenterol. Latinoam.
    Yang et al., 2004, Formation and antiproliferative effect of prostaglandin E(3) from eicosapentaenoic acid in human lung cancer cells., J. Lipid Res.
    Vecchio et al., 2010, Structural basis of fatty acid substrate binding to cyclooxygenase-2., J. Biol. Chem.
    Lee et al., 2003, Differential modulation of Toll-like receptors by fatty acids: preferential inhibition by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids., J. Lipid Res.
    Machida et al., 2005, Docosahexaenoic acid enhances cyclooxygenase-2 induction by facilitating p44/42, but not p38, mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells., J. Pharmacol. Sci.
    Kammerl et al., 2001, Inhibition of COX-2 counteracts the effects of diuretics in rats., Kidney Int.
    Gao LC et al., 2015, Influence of PTGS1, PTGFR, and MRP4 genetic variants on intraocular pressure response to latanoprost in Chinese primary open-angle glaucoma patients., Eur J Clin Pharmacol
    Talbot et al., 2011, Cigarette smoke-induced kinin B1 receptor promotes NADPH oxidase activity in cultured human alveolar epithelial cells., Peptides
    Shiels et al., 2000, Lyprinol: anti-inflammatory and uterine-relaxant activities in rats, with special reference to a model for dysmenorrhoea., Allerg Immunol (Paris)
    Meade et al., 1993, Differential inhibition of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (cyclooxygenase) isozymes by aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs., J. Biol. Chem.
    Pérez-Vizcaíno et al., 2002, Postnatal maturation in nitric oxide-induced pulmonary artery relaxation involving cyclooxygenase-1 activity., Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol.
    Kalgutkar et al., 2000, Biochemically based design of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors: facile conversion of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs to potent and highly selective COX-2 inhibitors., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
    Dominguez et al., 1985, Effects of triflusal in patients with prosthetic heart valves., Clin Ther
    Anninos et al., Triflusal: an old drug in modern antiplatelet therapy. Review of its action, use, safety and effectiveness., Hellenic J Cardiol
    Simon, 2004, Adverse respiratory reactions to aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs., Curr Allergy Asthma Rep
    Nizankowska et al., 1990, Salicylate pre-treatment attenuates intensity of bronchial and nasal symptoms precipitated by aspirin in aspirin-intolerant patients., Clin. Exp. Allergy
    Schwartz, 2006, Aspirin resistance: a review of diagnostic methodology, mechanisms, and clinical utility., Adv Clin Chem
    McGarry et al., 2005, Diethylcarbamazine activity against Brugia malayi microfilariae is dependent on inducible nitric-oxide synthase and the cyclooxygenase pathway., Filaria J
    Renner et al., 2010, Pain control in first-trimester surgical abortion: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials., Contraception
    Berg et al., 1999, The analgesic NSAID lornoxicam inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX)-1/-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the formation of interleukin (IL)-6 in vitro., Inflamm. Res.
    Rose et al., 2004, Comparison of Lornoxicam and Rofecoxib in Patients with Activated Osteoarthritis (COLOR Study)., Clin Drug Investig
    Bianchi et al., 2002, Effects of lornoxicam, piroxicam, and meloxicam in a model of thermal hindpaw hyperalgesia induced by formalin injection in rat tail., Pharmacol. Res.
    Kurbel et al., 1999, Minoxidil and male-pattern alopecia: a potential role for a local regulator of sebum secretion with vasoconstrictive effects?, Med. Hypotheses
    Michelet et al., 1997, Activation of cytoprotective prostaglandin synthase-1 by minoxidil as a possible explanation for its hair growth-stimulating effect., J. Invest. Dermatol.
    Gaffar et al., 1995, The effect of triclosan on mediators of gingival inflammation., J. Clin. Periodontol.
    Warner et al., 2006, Influence of plasma protein on the potencies of inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2., FASEB J.
    Blobaum et al., 2007, Molecular determinants for the selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 by lumiracoxib., J. Biol. Chem.
    Capone et al., Clinical pharmacology of selective COX-2 inhibitors., Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol
    Esser et al., 2005, Preclinical pharmacology of lumiracoxib: a novel selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2., Br. J. Pharmacol.
    Jermany et al., 2005, Lumiracoxib does not affect the ex vivo antiplatelet aggregation activity of low-dose aspirin in healthy subjects., J Clin Pharmacol
    Graham et al., 2003, Mechanisms of action of paracetamol and related analgesics., Inflammopharmacology
    Sun et al., 2005, P2Y2 receptor-mediated release of prostaglandin E2 by IMCD is altered in hydrated and dehydrated rats: relevance to AVP-independent regulation of IMCD function., Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.
    Moon et al., 2004, Sodium salicylate-induced amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats is associated with the suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenases., Neurosci. Lett.
    Liu et al., 2006, Cyclooxygenase-1 inhibition shortens the duration of diazepam-induced loss of righting reflex in mice., Anesth. Analg.
    Celik et al., 2005, Tolerability of selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, celecoxib, in patients with analgesic intolerance., J Asthma
    Riendeau D et al., 2004, Evaluation of loxoprofen and its alcohol metabolites for potency and selectivity of inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2., Bioorg Med Chem Lett
    Lees P et al., 1998, Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of tolfenamic acid in ruminating calves: evaluation in models of acute inflammation., Vet J
    McKellar QA et al., 1994, Pharmacodynamics of tolfenamic acid in dogs. Evaluation of dose response relationships., Eur J Pharmacol
    Tokola RA et al., 1984, Effects of migraine attack and metoclopramide on the absorption of tolfenamic acid., Br J Clin Pharmacol
    Ashraf Z et al., 2016, Synthesis, Bioevaluation and Molecular Dynamic Simulation Studies of Dexibuprofen-Antioxidant Mutual Prodrugs., Int J Mol Sci
    Legrand E, 2004, Aceclofenac in the management of inflammatory pain., Expert Opin Pharmacother
    Ibeas Bih C et al., 2015, Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders., Neurotherapeutics
    Brogden RN et al., 1975, Bufexamac: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in inflammatory dermatoses., Drugs
    Gresele P et al., 2006, Pharmacologic profile and therapeutic potential of NCX 4016, a nitric oxide-releasing aspirin, for cardiovascular disorders., Cardiovasc Drug Rev
    Corazzi T et al., 2005, Direct and irreversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 by nitroaspirin (NCX 4016)., J Pharmacol Exp Ther
    Esteve J et al., 1988, Pharmacological profile of droxicam., Gen Pharmacol
    Ouellet et al., 1995, Effect of inhibitor time-dependency on selectivity towards cyclooxygenase isoforms., Biochem. J.
    Levy G, 1980, Clinical pharmacokinetics of salicylates: a re-assessment., Br J Clin Pharmacol
  • SUPROFEN   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 2.84

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes
    Specific Action of the Ligand Inhibition

    PMIDs:
    11885959 11752352 17477341 10377455 8652509


    Sources:
    TEND TdgClinicalTrial TTD DrugBank GuideToPharmacology ChemblInteractions

  • CHEMBL1234916   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 2.07

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    10592235 17139284 17016423


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • BROMOACETIC ACID   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 2.07

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    10592235 17139284 17016423


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • SALSALATE   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 2.07

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Novel drug target Established target
    Trial Name -

    PMIDs:
    1680855 10452868 11752352 15242723


    Sources:
    TEND TdgClinicalTrial TTD DrugBank

  • DIHOMO-GAMMA-LINOLENIC ACID   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 1.81

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    16190133 11939906 11477109 15990700 11752352 11121413


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • BROMFENAC   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 1.81

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Trial Name Bromfenac
    Novel drug target Established target
    Trial Name ISV-101

    PMIDs:
    16846546 11752352


    Sources:
    TEND TdgClinicalTrial TTD DrugBank GuideToPharmacology

  • NCX-4016   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 1.55

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    16961726 16144976


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • MAGNESIUM SALICYLATE   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 1.55

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    15035793 15840771 14746879 16368818 15871445


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • KETOROLAC   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 1.55

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Trial Name ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution,Acuvail
    Novel drug target Established target
    Trial Name ROX-828

    PMIDs:
    11695255 16262557 10220509 16277613 10422661


    Sources:
    TEND TdgClinicalTrial DrugBank GuideToPharmacology

  • OXAPROZIN   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 1.38

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Direct Interaction? True
    Endogenous Drug? False
    Specific Action of the Ligand Inhibition

    PMIDs:
    19338579 9831331 15324530 19952416 17024689


    Sources:
    DrugBank GuideToPharmacology ChemblInteractions

  • NEPAFENAC   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 1.29

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes
    Trial Name -

    PMIDs:
    10850857


    Sources:
    TEND TdgClinicalTrial DrugBank ChemblInteractions

  • TOLMETIN   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 1.2

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Trial Name -
    Novel drug target Established target

    PMIDs:
    14613550 10465690 9253954 16182428


    Sources:
    TEND TdgClinicalTrial DrugBank

  • CHEMBL27784   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 1.03

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    10592235


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • CHEMBL24957   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 1.03

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    10592235


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • CHOLINE MAGNESIUM TRISALICYLATE   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 1.03

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    14680616 2083404 17131625


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • IODOINDOMETHACIN   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 1.03

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    10592235


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • ANTRAFENINE   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 1.03

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    17541796 6342700 7088753


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • ETODOLAC   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 1.03

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Trial Name VT-122
    Novel drug target Established target

    PMIDs:
    8566109 9146894 12358053 16473424 15198222


    Sources:
    TEND TdgClinicalTrial DrugBank

  • BALSALAZIDE   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 1.03

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Novel drug target Established target
    Trial Name balsalazide disodium,Colazal, Giazo

    PMIDs:
    12950415 11752352 17139284 17016423 19743890


    Sources:
    TdgClinicalTrial TTD DrugBank

  • FLURBIPROFEN   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.95

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes
    Specific Action of the Ligand Inhibition

    PMIDs:
    11811354 10358065 10773011 12392782 17562170 12711844 19066416


    Sources:
    TEND DrugBank GuideToPharmacology ChemblInteractions

  • TIAPROFENIC ACID   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.86

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    14987823 14741265 15575422 14592549


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • KETOPROFEN   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.86

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Trial Name ketoprofen in Transfersome gel, IDEA-033,Diractin
    Novel drug target Established target
    Trial Name ketoprofen transdermal patch, EN3269

    PMIDs:
    11811354 14987823 14513718 10929089 15476667


    Sources:
    TEND TdgClinicalTrial DrugBank GuideToPharmacology ChemblInteractions

  • TENOXICAM   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.83

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Trial Name -
    Novel drug target Established target

    PMIDs:
    17017983 11563332 9175172 9152412 15943176


    Sources:
    TEND TdgClinicalTrial DrugBank

  • DIFLUNISAL   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.72

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes
    Trial Name CRx-401

    PMIDs:
    8737748 12852483 15755648


    Sources:
    TEND TdgClinicalTrial DrugBank ChemblInteractions

  • LUMIRACOXIB   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.62

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    16403783 17434872 14552704 15655513 16172182


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • MECLOFENAMIC ACID   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.62

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    11094641 8454631 12225961 15198222 10639181


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • MELOXICAM   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.62

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Specific Action of the Ligand Inhibition
    Endogenous Drug? False
    Direct Interaction? False

    PMIDs:
    16197363 10381787 10381057 30774225


    Sources:
    DrugBank GuideToPharmacology

  • CHEMBL173562   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.52

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    antagonist (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    7437270


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • DROXICAM   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.52

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    3278945


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • LOXOPROFEN   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.52

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    antagonist (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    14980665


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • (+)-EPICATECHIN   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.52

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    TTD

  • LORNOXICAM   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.52

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    20399943 10450786 17516707 11846620


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.52

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    15932636


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • PHENACETIN   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.52

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    11752352


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • NAPROXCINOD   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.52

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes
    Specific Action of the Ligand Inhibition

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    TdgClinicalTrial GuideToPharmacology ChemblInteractions

  • CARPROFEN   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.52

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    15939622


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • GINGER   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.52

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    14693173


    Sources:
    NCI

  • NABUMETONE   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.52

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Novel drug target Established target
    Trial Name -

    PMIDs:
    7554708 9481468 16469680 11525777


    Sources:
    TEND TdgClinicalTrial DrugBank

  • E163   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.52

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    10075763


    Sources:
    DTC

  • FENOPROFEN   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.52

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Novel drug target Established target
    Trial Name -
    Specific Action of the Ligand Inhibition

    PMIDs:
    17050798


    Sources:
    TEND TdgClinicalTrial DrugBank GuideToPharmacology

  • ANTIPYRINE   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.52

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    11695253


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • PIROXICAM   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.47

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Direct Interaction yes
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Specific Action of the Ligand Inhibition

    PMIDs:
    11952155 11785774 11153163 15464832 10381057


    Sources:
    TEND TTD DrugBank GuideToPharmacology ChemblInteractions

  • MEFENAMIC ACID   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.36

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes

    PMIDs:
    9626023 11316248 7832763 16223958 9773153


    Sources:
    DrugBank ChemblInteractions

  • ACECLOFENAC   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.34

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    15163279


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • LATANOPROST   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.34

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    25339146


    Sources:
    PharmGKB

  • ICOSAPENT   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.34

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    16190133 14993240 20463020 12562875 11477109 15990700 16141635


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • NAPROXEN   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.34

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Direct Interaction yes
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Trial Name MT 100

    PMIDs:
    17541796 30247840


    Sources:
    TEND TdgClinicalTrial TTD DrugBank GuideToPharmacology ChemblInteractions

  • DIPYRONE   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.34

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    11752352


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • TRIFLUSAL   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.31

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    antagonist (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    3838919 19465361


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • TROLAMINE SALICYLATE   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.26

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • ACEMETACIN   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.26

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    antagonist (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • BENDAZAC   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.26

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • AMINOSALICYLATE SODIUM   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.26

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    ChemblInteractions

  • IMRECOXIB   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.26

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    TTD

  • DICLOFENAC EPOLAMINE   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.26

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    ChemblInteractions

  • VB-201   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.26

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:
    Trial Name VB-201
    Novel drug target Established target

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    TdgClinicalTrial

  • BROMFENAC SODIUM   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.26

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    ChemblInteractions

  • FENOPROFEN CALCIUM   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.26

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    ChemblInteractions

  • GW-406381   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.26

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Direct Interaction? False
    Endogenous Drug? False
    Specific Action of the Ligand Inhibition

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    GuideToPharmacology

  • FLURBIPROFEN SODIUM   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.26

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    ChemblInteractions

  • FENBUFEN   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.26

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    TTD

  • NAPROXEN ETEMESIL   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.26

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    ChemblInteractions

  • DICLOFENAC POTASSIUM   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.26

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    ChemblInteractions

  • IBUPROFEN SODIUM   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.26

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Direct Interaction yes
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    ChemblInteractions

  • AMINOSALICYLATE POTASSIUM   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.26

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    ChemblInteractions

  • CURCUMIN PYRAZOLE   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.26

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    24920381


    Sources:
    DTC

  • OXAPROZIN POTASSIUM   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.26

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    ChemblInteractions

  • IBUPROFEN LYSINE   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.26

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    ChemblInteractions

  • PHENYLBUTAZONE   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.26

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes
    Specific Action of the Ligand Inhibition

    PMIDs:
    15563928 15939622 19849999


    Sources:
    DrugBank GuideToPharmacology ChemblInteractions

  • DICLOFENAC   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.24

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Direct Interaction? True
    Endogenous Drug? False
    Specific Action of the Ligand Inhibition

    PMIDs:
    12713596 12966366 12852704 11752352 12414874 12534640


    Sources:
    TEND TdgClinicalTrial DrugBank GuideToPharmacology ChemblInteractions

  • SULINDAC   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.23

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Direct Interaction? False
    Endogenous Drug? False
    Specific Action of the Ligand Inhibition

    PMIDs:
    10372826 12512695 10626810 12586211 10484067


    Sources:
    TEND TdgClinicalTrial DrugBank GuideToPharmacology ChemblInteractions

  • HYPERFORIN   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.21

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    11752352


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • IBUPROFEN   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.2

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Trial Name HZT-501, ibuprofen + famotidine,Duexa
    Novel drug target Established target
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor

    PMIDs:
    23536207 14987823 23651359 25502615 14741265 15575422 14592549 12852704 11752352


    Sources:
    TEND DTC PharmGKB TdgClinicalTrial DrugBank GuideToPharmacology ChemblInteractions

  • TOLFENAMIC ACID   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.19

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    antagonist (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    9638074 8200415 6691890


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • PHENYL SALICYLATE   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.17

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    antagonist (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • BUFEXAMAC   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.17

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    1204506


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.17

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    ChemblInteractions

  • TOLMETIN SODIUM   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.17

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    ChemblInteractions

  • NAPROXEN SODIUM   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.17

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Direct Interaction yes
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    ChemblInteractions

  • INDOMETHACIN   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.17

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes
    Specific Action of the Ligand Inhibition

    PMIDs:
    15891886 23651359 15700751 15743404 20684598 15887968 22818041 10381057 15831902


    Sources:
    TEND DTC DrugBank GuideToPharmacology ChemblInteractions

  • MESALAMINE   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.17

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Trial Name MAX-002
    Novel drug target Established target
    Trial Name mesalamine,Pentasa, Canasa, Asacol

    PMIDs:
    12950415 11752352


    Sources:
    TEND TdgClinicalTrial TTD DrugBank ChemblInteractions

  • MINOXIDIL   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.16

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inducer (activating)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    10616041 9008235 7560228


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • ARACHIDONIC ACID   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.13

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    10592235 17139284 17016423


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • TALNIFLUMATE   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.13

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    antagonist (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • PROPACETAMOL   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.13

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    antagonist (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • DEXKETOPROFEN   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.13

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    antagonist (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • OLSALAZINE SODIUM   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.13

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    ChemblInteractions

  • SC-560   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.13

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Specific Action of the Ligand Inhibition
    Endogenous Drug? False
    Direct Interaction? True

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    GuideToPharmacology

  • DERSALAZINE   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.13

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:
    Novel drug target Established target
    Trial Name dersalazine sodium

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    TdgClinicalTrial

  • BISMUTH SUBSALICYLATE   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.13

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    ChemblInteractions

  • BALSALAZIDE DISODIUM   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.13

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Direct Interaction yes
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    ChemblInteractions

  • ACETAMINOPHEN   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.12

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Specific Action of the Ligand Inhibition
    Endogenous Drug? False
    Direct Interaction? False

    PMIDs:
    17884974 11752352 19053765


    Sources:
    TEND DTC TdgClinicalTrial DrugBank GuideToPharmacology ChemblInteractions

  • NIFLUMIC ACID   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.11

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    21600945


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • FLUFENAMIC ACID   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.1

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    7864817


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • DEXTROSE   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.09

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    10592235 17139284 17016423


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • DICLOFENAC SODIUM   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.09

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    ChemblInteractions

  • URSOLIC ACID   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.09

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    9784154


    Sources:
    DTC

  • DEXIBUPROFEN   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.08

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    28009827


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • MECLOFENAMATE SODIUM   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.07

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Direct Interaction yes
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    ChemblInteractions

  • SULFASALAZINE   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.07

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Direct Interaction yes
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Novel drug target Established target

    PMIDs:
    12950415


    Sources:
    TdgClinicalTrial DrugBank ChemblInteractions

  • ASPIRIN   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.06

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes
    Specific Action of the Ligand Inhibition

    PMIDs:
    20938371 23651359 16493486 22940005


    Sources:
    TEND DTC PharmGKB GuideToPharmacology ChemblInteractions

  • CLOPIDOGREL   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.05

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    22940005


    Sources:
    PharmGKB

  • OXYPHENBUTAZONE   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.04

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    ChemblInteractions

  • NIMESULIDE   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.03

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Specific Action of the Ligand Inhibition
    Endogenous Drug? False
    Direct Interaction? True

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    GuideToPharmacology

  • HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.03

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    11703585


    Sources:
    NCI

  • CANNABIDIOL   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.02

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    26264914


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • NABIXIMOLS   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.02

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    26264914


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • CURCUMIN   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.02

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    24920381


    Sources:
    DTC TTD

  • RESVERATROL   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.02

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    11752352


    Sources:
    DrugBank

  • CELECOXIB   PTGS1

    Interaction Score: 0.01

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Specific Action of the Ligand Inhibition
    Endogenous Drug? False
    Direct Interaction? False

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    GuideToPharmacology

  • Ensembl: ENSG00000095303

    • Version: 101_38

    Alternate Names:
    PTGS1 Ensembl Gene Name

    Gene Info:
    Gene Biotype PROTEIN_CODING

    Publications:

  • TEND: P23219

    • Version: 01-August-2011

    Alternate Names:
    PGH1_HUMAN Uniprot Id
    PTGS1 Gene Symbol
    5742 Entrez Gene Id

    Gene Info:
    Target Subclass 1.14.99.1
    Target Main Class Enzymes

    Publications:

  • RussLampel: ENSG00000095303

    • Version: 26-July-2011

    Alternate Names:
    PROSTAGLANDIN G/H SYNTHASE 1 PRECURSOR (EC 1.14.99.1) (CYCLOOXYGENASE- 1) (COX-1) (PROSTAGLANDIN-ENDOPEROXIDE SYNTHASE 1) (PROSTAGLANDIN H2 SYNTHASE 1) (PGH SYNTHASE 1) (PGHS-1) (PHS 1). [SOURCE:UNIPROT/SWISSPROT;ACC:P23219] Description
    ENSG00000095303 Ensembl Gene Id
    PTGS1 Display Id

    Gene Info:
    Human Readable Name DRUGGABLE GENOME

    Gene Categories:
    DRUGGABLE GENOME

    Publications:

  • HopkinsGroom: P23219

    • Version: 11-September-2012

    Alternate Names:
    ENSG00000095303 Ensembl Gene Id
    PTGS1 Uniprot Gene Name
    PGH1_HUMAN Uniprot Id

    Gene Info:
    Human Readable Name DRUGGABLE GENOME
    Interpro Acc IPR002007
    Interpro Short Name Haem_peroxidase_animal

    Gene Categories:
    DRUGGABLE GENOME

    Publications:

  • TdgClinicalTrial: P23219

    • Version: January-2014

    Alternate Names:
    PTGS1 Gene Symbol

    Gene Info:
    Target Class Enzymes
    Target Subclass EC:1.14.99.1

    Publications:

  • GuideToPharmacology: 5742

    • Version: 29-September-2020

    Alternate Names:
    9604 HUGO Gene ID
    9604 HUGO Gene Symbol
    prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 HUGO Gene Name

    Gene Info:
    GuideToPharmacology Gene Category Name Cyclooxygenase
    GuideToPharmacology Gene Category ID 269

    Gene Categories:
    ENZYME

    Publications:

  • PharmGKB: PTGS1

    • Version: 18-August-2020

    Alternate Names:
    PA24346 PharmGKB ID

    Gene Info:

    Publications:
    Gong L et al., 2012, Celecoxib pathways: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics., Pharmacogenet Genomics
    St Germaine CG et al., 2010, Genetic polymorphisms and the cardiovascular risk of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs., Am J Cardiol
    Gao LC et al., 2015, Influence of PTGS1, PTGFR, and MRP4 genetic variants on intraocular pressure response to latanoprost in Chinese primary open-angle glaucoma patients., Eur J Clin Pharmacol

  • DrugBank: BE0000017

    • Version: 5.1.7

    Alternate Names:
    PTGS1 DrugBank Gene Name
    P23219 UniProt Accession
    5742 Entrez Gene Id

    Gene Info:

    Publications:
    Das, 2005, Can COX-2 inhibitor-induced increase in cardiovascular disease risk be modified by essential fatty acids?, J Assoc Physicians India
    Yang et al., 2004, Formation and antiproliferative effect of prostaglandin E(3) from eicosapentaenoic acid in human lung cancer cells., J. Lipid Res.
    Vecchio et al., 2010, Structural basis of fatty acid substrate binding to cyclooxygenase-2., J. Biol. Chem.

  • TTD: Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1

    • Version: 2020.06.01

    Alternate Names:
    COX-1 TTD Gene Abbreviation
    T60529 TTD Target ID

    Gene Info:

    Publications:
    Cohen MP et al., 2013, Inhibiting Amadori-modified albumin formation improves biomarkers of podocyte damage in diabetic rats., Physiol Rep

  • NCI: PTGS1

    • Version: 14-September-2017

    Alternate Names:

    Gene Info:

    Publications:
    Kammerl et al., 2001, Inhibition of COX-2 counteracts the effects of diuretics in rats., Kidney Int.
    Giannitrapani et al., 2007, Response to antiviral therapy and hepatic expression of cyclooxygenases in chronic hepatitis C., Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol
    Nurtjahja-Tjendraputra et al., 2003, Effective anti-platelet and COX-1 enzyme inhibitors from pungent constituents of ginger., Thromb. Res.

  • DTC: PTGS1

    • Version: 02-September-2020

    Alternate Names:

    Gene Info:

    Publications:
    Vitale P et al., 2013, Synthesis, pharmacological characterization, and docking analysis of a novel family of diarylisoxazoles as highly selective cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitors., J Med Chem
    Wang H et al., 1999, Antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities of anthocyanins and their aglycon, cyanidin, from tart cherries., J Nat Prod
    Sinning C et al., 2008, New analgesics synthetically derived from the paracetamol metabolite N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatetra-5,8,11,14-enamide., J Med Chem

  • ChemblInteractions: COX1

    • Version: chembl_23

    Alternate Names:
    COX1 GENE_SYMBOL
    PTGS1 GENE_SYMBOL
    Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 UNIPROT

    Gene Info:

    Publications:

  • HingoraniCasas: ENSG00000095303

    • Version: 31-May-2017

    Alternate Names:
    ENSG00000095303 Gene Symbol
    PTGS1 Ensembl Id

    Gene Info:

    Gene Categories:
    DRUGGABLE GENOME

    Publications:

  • Pharos: PTGS1

    • Version: 03-September-2020

    Alternate Names:
    Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 Gene Name
    P23219 UniProt ID

    Gene Info:

    Gene Categories:
    ENZYME

    Publications:

Disclaimer: This resource is intended for purely research purposes. It should not be used for emergencies or medical or professional advice.

A finding of a drug-gene interaction or potentially druggable category does not necessarily indicate effectiveness (or lack thereof) of any drug or treatment regimen. A finding of no interaction or no potentially druggable category does not necessarily indicate lack of effectiveness of any drug or treatment regimen. Drug-gene interactions or potentially druggable categories are not presented in ranked order of potential or predicted efficacy.

The dgidb.org website does not provide any medical or healthcare products, services or advice, and is not for medical emergencies or urgent situations. IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY, CALL YOUR DOCTOR OR 911 IMMEDIATELY. Information contained on this website is not a substitute for a doctor's medical judgment or advice. We recommend that you discuss your specific, individual health concerns with your doctor or health care professional.

DGIdb (v4.2.0 - sha1 afd9f30b) • Last updated 2020-10-21