• Search
      • Search Interactions Search Categories
    • Browse
      • Browse Categories Browse Sources
    • Information
      • About Publications Interaction Types & Directionalities Interaction Score & Query Score API Documentation FAQ Known Data Clients News Contact
    • Downloads
      • Data Source Code

VKORC1 Gene Record

  • Summary
  • Interactions
  • Claims
  • VKORC1 79001 Druggable Genome

    Alternate Names:

    79001
    VITAMIN K EPOXIDE REDUCTASE COMPLEX SUBUNIT 1
    VKORC1
    EDTP308
    MST134
    MST576
    VKCFD2
    VKOR
    608547
    23663
    ENSG00000167397
    OTTHUMG00000047408
    Q9BQB6
    VITAMIN K1 2,3-EPOXIDE REDUCTASE SUBUNIT 1
    UNQ308/PRO351
    MSTP576
    VKOR1_HUMAN
    PA133787052
    Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1
    T11843

    Gene Info:

    Target Class Enzymes
    Target Subclass EC:1.1.4.1
    Transmembrane Helix Count 5
    Target Main Class Enzymes
    Target Subclass 1.1
    Gene Biotype PROTEIN_CODING
    (5 More Sources)

    Gene Categories: Category Details

    DRUGGABLE GENOME
    ENZYME

    Publications:

    Bodin et al., 2005, Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKORC1) genotypes as determinants of acenocoumarol sensitivity., Blood
    Schalekamp et al., 2006, VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotypes and acenocoumarol anticoagulation status: interaction between both genotypes affects overanticoagulation., Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.
    González-Conejero et al., 2007, The genetic interaction between VKORC1 c1173t and calumenin a29809g modulates the anticoagulant response of acenocoumarol., J. Thromb. Haemost.
    Chen et al., 2002, TTD: Therapeutic Target Database., Nucleic Acids Res.
    Rettie et al., 2006, A case study of acenocoumarol sensitivity and genotype-phenotype discordancy explained by combinations of polymorphisms in VKORC1 and CYP2C9., Br J Clin Pharmacol
    Zhou et al., 2009, Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development., Curr. Med. Chem.
    Montes et al., 2006, The c.-1639G > A polymorphism of the VKORC1 gene is a major determinant of the response to acenocoumarol in anticoagulated patients., Br. J. Haematol.
    Chaidaroglou A et al., 2019, Extremely low therapeutic doses of acenocoumarol in a patient with <i>CYP2C9*3/*3</i> and <i>VKORC1-1639A/A</i> genotype., Pharmacogenomics
    Serna MJ et al., 2018, Pharmacogenetics of vitamin K antagonists and bleeding risk prediction in atrial fibrillation., Eur J Clin Invest
    Ajmi M et al., 2018, Influence of genetic and non-genetic factors on acenocoumarol maintenance dose requirement in a Tunisian population., Eur J Clin Pharmacol
    Bryk AH et al., 2018, Bleeding predictors in patients following venous thromboembolism treated with vitamin K antagonists: Association with increased number of single nucleotide polymorphisms., Vascul Pharmacol
    Vandell AG et al., 2017, Genetics and clinical response to warfarin and edoxaban in patients with venous thromboembolism., Heart
    Misasi S et al., 2016, VKORC1 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms related to adverse events in case-control cohort of anticoagulated patients., Medicine (Baltimore)
    Pourgholi L et al., 2016, Gene polymorphisms and the risk of warfarin-induced bleeding complications at therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR)., Toxicol Appl Pharmacol
    Eriksson N et al., 2016, Genetic determinants of warfarin maintenance dose and time in therapeutic treatment range: a RE-LY genomics substudy., Pharmacogenomics
    Kalpana SR et al., 2017, Influence of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 Polymorphisms on Daily Acenocoumarol Dose Requirement in South Indian Patients With Mechanical Heart Valves., Clin Appl Thromb Hemost
    Wakamiya T et al., 2016, Effect of VKORC1, CYP2C9, CFP4F2, and GGCX Gene Polymorphisms on Warfarin Dose in Japanese Pediatric Patients., Mol Diagn Ther
    Sridharan K et al., 2016, Association of Genetic Polymorphisms of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 with Bleeding Following Warfarin: A Case-Control Study., Curr Clin Pharmacol
    Mandic D et al., 2015, VKORC1 gene polymorphisms and adverse events in Croatian patients on warfarin therapy., Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther
    Mega JL et al., 2015, Genetics and the clinical response to warfarin and edoxaban: findings from the randomised, double-blind ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial., Lancet
    Kawai VK et al., 2014, Genotype and risk of major bleeding during warfarin treatment., Pharmacogenomics
    Krishna Kumar D et al., 2015, An acenocoumarol dosing algorithm exploiting clinical and genetic factors in South Indian (Dravidian) population., Eur J Clin Pharmacol
    Valentín II et al., 2014, Pharmacogenetic association study of warfarin safety endpoints in Puerto Ricans., P R Health Sci J
    Jiménez-Varo E et al., 2014, Prediction of stable acenocoumarol dose by a pharmacogenetic algorithm., Pharmacogenet Genomics
    Wypasek E et al., 2014, Genetic determinants of acenocoumarol and warfarin maintenance dose requirements in Slavic population: a potential role of CYP4F2 and GGCX polymorphisms., Thromb Res
    Hawcutt DB et al., 2014, Pharmacogenetics of warfarin in a paediatric population: time in therapeutic range, initial and stable dosing and adverse effects., Pharmacogenomics J
    Cerezo-Manchado JJ et al., 2014, Effect of VKORC1, CYP2C9 and CYP4F2 genetic variants in early outcomes during acenocoumarol treatment., Pharmacogenomics
    Jiménez-Varo E et al., 2014, Pharmacogenetics role in the safety of acenocoumarol therapy., Thromb Haemost
    Shaw K et al., 2014, VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotypes are predictors of warfarin-related outcomes in children., Pediatr Blood Cancer
    Wolkanin-Bartnik J et al., 2013, Impact of genetic and clinical factors on dose requirements and quality of anticoagulation therapy in Polish patients receiving acenocoumarol: dosing calculation algorithm., Pharmacogenet Genomics
    Pop TR et al., 2013, An acenocoumarol dose algorithm based on a South-Eastern European population., Eur J Clin Pharmacol
    Tomek A et al., 2013, The bleeding risk during warfarin therapy is associated with the number of variant alleles of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes., Cardiology
    Gschwind L et al., 2013, Impact of CYP2C9 polymorphisms on the vulnerability to pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions during acenocoumarol treatment., Pharmacogenomics
    Gaikwad T et al., 2013, Influence of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 gene polymorphisms on warfarin dosage, over anticoagulation and other adverse outcomes in Indian population., Eur J Pharmacol
    Krishna Kumar D et al., 2013, Effect of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genetic polymorphisms on mean daily maintenance dose of acenocoumarol in South Indian patients., Thromb Res
    Brehm K et al., 2013, Mechanical heart valve recipients: anticoagulation in patients with genetic variations of phenprocoumon metabolism., Eur J Cardiothorac Surg
    Buzoianu AD et al., 2013, The impact of the CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphisms on acenocoumarol dose requirements in a Romanian population., Blood Cells Mol Dis
    van Schie RM et al., 2012, Validation of the acenocoumarol EU-PACT algorithms: similar performance in the Rotterdam Study cohort as in the original study., Pharmacogenomics
    Giansante C et al., 2012, Oral anticoagulation and VKORC1 polymorphism in patients with a mechanical heart prosthesis: a 6-year follow-up., J Thromb Thrombolysis
    Lund K et al., 2012, Polymorphisms in VKORC1 have more impact than CYP2C9 polymorphisms on early warfarin International Normalized Ratio control and bleeding rates., Br J Haematol
    Smires FZ et al., 2012, Influence of genetics and non-genetic factors on acenocoumarol maintenance dose requirement in Moroccan patients., J Clin Pharm Ther
    van Schie RM et al., 2011, Loading and maintenance dose algorithms for phenprocoumon and acenocoumarol using patient characteristics and pharmacogenetic data., Eur Heart J
    Esmerian MO et al., 2011, Influence of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphisms on warfarin and acenocoumarol in a sample of Lebanese people., J Clin Pharmacol
    Cadamuro J et al., 2010, Genetic determinants of acenocoumarol and phenprocoumon maintenance dose requirements., Eur J Clin Pharmacol
    Stepien E et al., 2009, A vitamin K epoxide reductase-oxidase complex gene polymorphism (-1639G&gt;A) and interindividual variability in the dose-effect of vitamin K antagonists., J Appl Genet
    Verde Z et al., 2009, Pharmacogenetics of acenocoumarol: CYP2C9 *2 and VKORC1 c.-1639G&gt;A, 497C&gt;G, 1173C&gt;T, and 3730G&gt;A variants influence drug dose in anticoagulated patients., Thromb Haemost
    Pérez-Andreu V et al., 2009, Pharmacogenetic relevance of CYP4F2 V433M polymorphism on acenocoumarol therapy., Blood
    Teichert M et al., 2009, Genotypes associated with reduced activity of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 and their modification of acenocoumarol anticoagulation during the initial treatment period., Clin Pharmacol Ther
    Markatos CN et al., 2008, VKORC1 and CYP2C9 allelic variants influence acenocoumarol dose requirements in Greek patients., Pharmacogenomics
    Montes R et al., 2008, The influence of polymorphisms of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 on major gastrointestinal bleeding risk in anticoagulated patients., Br J Haematol
    Spreafico M et al., 2008, Effects of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 on INR variations and dose requirements during initial phase of anticoagulant therapy., Pharmacogenomics
    Stehle S et al., 2008, Pharmacogenetics of oral anticoagulants: a basis for dose individualization., Clin Pharmacokinet
    Meckley LM et al., 2008, An analysis of the relative effects of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 variants on anticoagulation related outcomes in warfarin-treated patients., Thromb Haemost
    Wadelius M et al., 2009, The largest prospective warfarin-treated cohort supports genetic forecasting., Blood
    Mentré et al., 1998, Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis of fluindione in patients., Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.
    Imming et al., 2006, Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets., Nat Rev Drug Discov
    Overington et al., 2006, How many drug targets are there?, Nat Rev Drug Discov
    Wallin et al., 1986, Vitamin K antagonism of coumarin intoxication in the rat., Thromb. Haemost.
    Botton MR et al., 2014, A new algorithm for weekly phenprocoumon dose variation in a southern Brazilian population: role for CYP2C9, CYP3A4/5 and VKORC1 genes polymorphisms., Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol
    Caduff Good A et al., 2013, Randomised trial of a clinical dosing algorithm to start anticoagulation with phenprocoumon., Swiss Med Wkly
    Luxembourg B et al., 2011, Impact of pharmacokinetic (CYP2C9) and pharmacodynamic (VKORC1, F7, GGCX, CALU, EPHX1) gene variants on the initiation and maintenance phases of phenprocoumon therapy., Thromb Haemost
    Nowak-Göttl U et al., 2010, In pediatric patients, age has more impact on dosing of vitamin K antagonists than VKORC1 or CYP2C9 genotypes., Blood
    Puehringer H et al., 2010, VKORC1 -1639G&gt;A and CYP2C9*3 are the major genetic predictors of phenprocoumon dose requirement., Eur J Clin Pharmacol
    Qazim B et al., 2009, Dependency of phenprocoumon dosage on polymorphisms in the VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genes., J Thromb Thrombolysis
    Brehm K et al., 2016, Genetic variations of phenprocoumon metabolism in patients with ventricular assist devices., Eur J Cardiothorac Surg
    Thijssen et al., 1988, Vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase: the basis for stereoselectivity of 4-hydroxycoumarin anticoagulant activity., Br. J. Pharmacol.
    Schalekamp et al., 2007, VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotypes and phenprocoumon anticoagulation status: interaction between both genotypes affects dose requirement., Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.
    Reitsma et al., 2005, A C1173T dimorphism in the VKORC1 gene determines coumarin sensitivity and bleeding risk., PLoS Med.
    Thijssen et al., 1989, Microsomal warfarin binding and vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase., Biochem. Pharmacol.
    Osman et al., 2007, Plasma S/R ratio of warfarin co-varies with VKORC1 haplotype., Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis
    Zhu et al., 2007, Estimation of warfarin maintenance dose based on VKORC1 (-1639 G>A) and CYP2C9 genotypes., Clin. Chem.
    Yin et al., 2007, Warfarin dose and the pharmacogenomics of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 - rationale and perspectives., Thromb. Res.
    Gebauer, 2007, Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel warfarin derivatives., Bioorg. Med. Chem.
    Limdi et al., 2008, Influence of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 1173C/T genotype on the risk of hemorrhagic complications in African-American and European-American patients on warfarin., Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.
    Bader L et al., 2020, The effect of genetic and nongenetic factors on warfarin dose variability in Qatari population., Pharmacogenomics J
    de Oliveira Magalhães Mourão A et al., 2020, Algorithm for predicting low maintenance doses of warfarin using age and polymorphisms in genes CYP2C9 and VKORC1 in Brazilian subjects., Pharmacogenomics J
    Nakagita K et al., 2018, Effects of vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 gene polymorphisms on warfarin control in Japanese patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVAD)., Eur J Clin Pharmacol
    Zambon CF et al., 2018, Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic re-evaluation of a genetic-guided warfarin trial., Eur J Clin Pharmacol
    Shahabi P et al., 2019, Nuclear receptor gene polymorphisms and warfarin dose requirements in the Quebec Warfarin Cohort., Pharmacogenomics J
    Chung JE et al., 2018, Polymorphisms of vitamin K-related genes (EPHX1 and VKORC1L1) and stable warfarin doses., Gene
    Tang XY et al., 2017, The association between GGCX, miR-133 genetic polymorphisms and warfarin stable dosage in Han Chinese patients with mechanical heart valve replacement., J Clin Pharm Ther
    Ferrari M et al., 2017, Assessing the relative potency of (S)- and (R)-warfarin with a new PK-PD model, in relation to VKORC1 genotypes., Eur J Clin Pharmacol
    Lee KE et al., 2017, Influence of NR3C1 and VDR polymorphisms on stable warfarin dose in patients with mechanical cardiac valves., Int J Cardiol
    Gaikwad T et al., 2018, Warfarin Dose Model for the Prediction of Stable Maintenance Dose in Indian Patients., Clin Appl Thromb Hemost
    Shahabi P et al., 2016, An expanded pharmacogenomics warfarin dosing table with utility in generalised dosing guidance., Thromb Haemost
    Zhang J et al., 2015, The influence of VKORC1 gene polymorphism on warfarin maintenance dosage in pediatric patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis., Thromb Res
    Chung JE et al., 2015, Effects of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 polymorphisms on stable warfarin doses in Korean patients with mechanical cardiac valves., Eur J Clin Pharmacol
    An SH et al., 2015, Influence of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Polymorphisms on Stable Warfarin Doses in Patients with Mechanical Cardiac Valves., Cardiovasc Ther
    Sermsathanasawadi N et al., 2015, The Influence of VKORC1 Polymorphisms on Warfarin Doses in Thai Patients with Deep Vein Thrombosis., J Med Assoc Thai
    Šupe S et al., 2015, Clinical Application of Genotype-guided Dosing of Warfarin in Patients with Acute Stroke., Arch Med Res
    Li S et al., 2015, Warfarin dosage response related pharmacogenetics in Chinese population., PLoS One
    de Oliveira Almeida VC et al., 2014, Polymorphisms of CYP2C9, VKORC1, MDR1, APOE and UGT1A1 genes and the therapeutic warfarin dose in Brazilian patients with thrombosis: a prospective cohort study., Mol Diagn Ther
    Pavani A et al., 2014, Methodological issues in the development of a pharmacogenomic algorithm for warfarin dosing: comparison of two regression approaches., Pharmacogenomics
    Jeong E et al., 2015, Impact of GATA4 variants on stable warfarin doses in patients with prosthetic heart valves., Pharmacogenomics J
    Zhao L et al., 2014, Verification of pharmacogenetics-based warfarin dosing algorithms in Han-Chinese patients undertaking mechanic heart valve replacement., PLoS One
    Hamberg AK et al., 2014, Characterizing variability in warfarin dose requirements in children using modelling and simulation., Br J Clin Pharmacol
    Kadian-Dodov DL et al., 2013, Warfarin pharmacogenetics: a controlled dose-response study in healthy subjects., Vasc Med
    Krishna Kumar D et al., 2014, Effect of CYP2C9, VKORC1, CYP4F2 and GGCX genetic variants on warfarin maintenance dose and explicating a new pharmacogenetic algorithm in South Indian population., Eur J Clin Pharmacol
    Tan SL et al., 2013, Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase genetic polymorphisms A503V and rs2868177 do not significantly affect warfarin stable dosage in Han-Chinese patients with mechanical heart valve replacement., Eur J Clin Pharmacol
    Yang J et al., 2013, Influence of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes on the risk of hemorrhagic complications in warfarin-treated patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis., Int J Cardiol
    Biss TT et al., 2013, The VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotypes are associated with over-anticoagulation during initiation of warfarin therapy in children., J Thromb Haemost
    Wang LS et al., 2013, Influence of ORM1 polymorphisms on the maintenance stable warfarin dosage., Eur J Clin Pharmacol
    Nguyen N et al., 2013, Genetic and clinical determinants influencing warfarin dosing in children with heart disease., Pediatr Cardiol
    Skov J et al., 2013, The influence of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 gene sequence variants on the stability of maintenance phase warfarin treatment., Thromb Res
    Ma C et al., 2012, Influence of warfarin dose-associated genotypes on the risk of hemorrhagic complications in Chinese patients on warfarin., Int J Hematol
    Özer M et al., 2013, Impact of genetic factors (CYP2C9, VKORC1 and CYP4F2) on warfarin dose requirement in the Turkish population., Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol
    Santos PC et al., 2013, CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphisms influence warfarin dose variability in patients on long-term anticoagulation., Eur J Clin Pharmacol
    Pathare A et al., 2012, Warfarin pharmacogenetics: development of a dosing algorithm for Omani patients., J Hum Genet
    Pavani A et al., 2012, Retrospective evidence for clinical validity of expanded genetic model in warfarin dose optimization in a South Indian population., Pharmacogenomics
    Maddison J et al., 2013, The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single dose (R)- and (S)-warfarin administered separately and together: relationship to VKORC1 genotype., Br J Clin Pharmacol
    Lee KE et al., 2012, Effects of CYP4F2 gene polymorphisms on warfarin clearance and sensitivity in Korean patients with mechanical cardiac valves., Ther Drug Monit
    Wei M et al., 2012, A new algorithm to predict warfarin dose from polymorphisms of CYP4F2 , CYP2C9 and VKORC1 and clinical variables: derivation in Han Chinese patients with non valvular atrial fibrillation., Thromb Haemost
    Liang R et al., 2012, Impact of CYP2C9*3, VKORC1-1639, CYP4F2rs2108622 genetic polymorphism and clinical factors on warfarin maintenance dose in Han-Chinese patients., J Thromb Thrombolysis
    Cini M et al., 2012, A new warfarin dosing algorithm including VKORC1 3730 G &gt; A polymorphism: comparison with results obtained by other published algorithms., Eur J Clin Pharmacol
    Zhang W et al., 2012, Genetic polymorphisms are associated with variations in warfarin maintenance dose in Han Chinese patients with venous thromboembolism., Pharmacogenomics
    Moon HW et al., 2011, The effect of CYP2C9, VKORC1 genotypes and old age on warfarin pharmacologic sensitivity in korean patients with thromboembolic disease., Ann Clin Lab Sci
    Gao L et al., 2011, Extremely low warfarin dose in patients with genotypes of CYP2C9*3/*3 and VKORC1-1639A/A., Chin Med J (Engl)
    Biss TT et al., 2012, VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotype and patient characteristics explain a large proportion of the variability in warfarin dose requirement among children., Blood
    Cho HJ et al., 2011, Development and comparison of a warfarin-dosing algorithm for Korean patients with atrial fibrillation., Clin Ther
    Johnson JA et al., 2011, Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guidelines for CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes and warfarin dosing., Clin Pharmacol Ther
    Mitchell C et al., 2011, Novel CYP2C9 and VKORC1 gene variants associated with warfarin dosage variability in the South African black population., Pharmacogenomics
    Chan SL et al., 2012, Translational aspects of genetic factors in the prediction of drug response variability: a case study of warfarin pharmacogenomics in a multi-ethnic cohort from Asia., Pharmacogenomics J
    Choi JR et al., 2011, Proposal of pharmacogenetics-based warfarin dosing algorithm in Korean patients., J Hum Genet
    Zhong SL et al., 2011, The influence of genetic polymorphisms and interacting drugs on initial response to warfarin in Chinese patients with heart valve replacement., Eur J Clin Pharmacol
    Kato Y et al., 2011, Effect of the VKORC1 genotype on warfarin dose requirements in Japanese pediatric patients., Drug Metab Pharmacokinet
    Cavallari LH et al., 2011, Pharmacogenomics of warfarin dose requirements in Hispanics., Blood Cells Mol Dis
    Yang J et al., 2011, Contribution of 1173C &gt; T polymorphism in the VKORC1 gene to warfarin dose requirements in Han Chinese patients receiving anticoagulation., Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther
    Zambon CF et al., 2011, VKORC1, CYP2C9 and CYP4F2 genetic-based algorithm for warfarin dosing: an Italian retrospective study., Pharmacogenomics
    Gan GG et al., 2011, Contribution of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms in the interethnic variability of warfarin dose in Malaysian populations., Ann Hematol
    Cha PC et al., 2010, Genome-wide association study identifies genetic determinants of warfarin responsiveness for Japanese., Hum Mol Genet
    Orsi FA et al., 2010, VKORC1 V66M mutation in African Brazilian patients resistant to oral anticoagulant therapy., Thromb Res
    You JH et al., 2011, Warfarin dosing algorithm using clinical, demographic and pharmacogenetic data from Chinese patients., J Thromb Thrombolysis
    Wells PS et al., 2010, A regression model to predict warfarin dose from clinical variables and polymorphisms in CYP2C9, CYP4F2, and VKORC1: Derivation in a sample with predominantly a history of venous thromboembolism., Thromb Res
    Hamberg AK et al., 2010, A pharmacometric model describing the relationship between warfarin dose and INR response with respect to variations in CYP2C9, VKORC1, and age., Clin Pharmacol Ther
    McMillin GA et al., 2010, Gene-based warfarin dosing compared with standard of care practices in an orthopedic surgery population: a prospective, parallel cohort study., Ther Drug Monit
    Ozer N et al., 2010, The impact of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genetic polymorphism and patient characteristics upon warfarin dose requirements in an adult Turkish population., Heart Vessels
    Limdi NA et al., 2010, Warfarin pharmacogenetics: a single VKORC1 polymorphism is predictive of dose across 3 racial groups., Blood
    Cavallari LH et al., 2010, Genetic and clinical predictors of warfarin dose requirements in African Americans., Clin Pharmacol Ther
    Ferder NS et al., 2010, Ability of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 to predict therapeutic warfarin dose during the initial weeks of therapy., J Thromb Haemost
    Pautas E et al., 2010, Genetic factors (VKORC1, CYP2C9, EPHX1, and CYP4F2) are predictor variables for warfarin response in very elderly, frail inpatients., Clin Pharmacol Ther
    Sandanaraj E et al., 2009, VKORC1 diplotype-derived dosing model to explain variability in warfarin dose requirements in Asian patients., Drug Metab Pharmacokinet
    Ohno M et al., 2009, Influence of clinical and genetic factors on warfarin dose requirements among Japanese patients., Eur J Clin Pharmacol
    Fuchshuber-Moraes M et al., 2009, Exploring warfarin pharmacogenomics with the extreme-discordant-phenotype methodology: impact of FVII polymorphisms on stable anticoagulation with warfarin., Eur J Clin Pharmacol
    Limdi NA et al., 2009, Influence of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 on warfarin response during initiation of therapy., Blood Cells Mol Dis
    Huang SW et al., 2009, Validation of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotypes on interindividual warfarin maintenance dose: a prospective study in Chinese patients., Pharmacogenet Genomics
    Yoshizawa M et al., 2009, Effect of VKORC1-1639 G&gt;A polymorphism, body weight, age, and serum albumin alterations on warfarin response in Japanese patients., Thromb Res
    Kim HS et al., 2009, Effect of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes on early-phase and steady-state warfarin dosing in Korean patients with mechanical heart valve replacement., Pharmacogenet Genomics
    Limdi NA et al., 2008, Warfarin pharmacogenetics., Pharmacotherapy
    Oner Ozgon G et al., 2008, VKORC1 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms are associated with warfarin dose requirements in Turkish patients., Eur J Clin Pharmacol
    Limdi NA et al., 2008, Influence of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 on warfarin dose, anticoagulation attainment and maintenance among European-Americans and African-Americans., Pharmacogenomics
    Nakai K et al., 2007, Ethnic differences in the VKORC1 gene polymorphism and an association with warfarin dosage requirements in cardiovascular surgery patients., Pharmacogenomics
    D'Andrea G et al., 2008, Oral anticoagulants: Pharmacogenetics Relationship between genetic and non-genetic factors., Blood Rev
    Michaud V et al., 2008, Combination of phenotype assessments and CYP2C9-VKORC1 polymorphisms in the determination of warfarin dose requirements in heavily medicated patients., Clin Pharmacol Ther
    Anderson JL et al., 2007, Randomized trial of genotype-guided versus standard warfarin dosing in patients initiating oral anticoagulation., Circulation
    Caldwell MD et al., 2007, Evaluation of genetic factors for warfarin dose prediction., Clin Med Res
    Cho HJ et al., 2007, Factors affecting the interindividual variability of warfarin dose requirement in adult Korean patients., Pharmacogenomics
    Schelleman H et al., 2007, Warfarin response and vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 in African Americans and Caucasians., Clin Pharmacol Ther
    Loebstein R et al., 2007, A coding VKORC1 Asp36Tyr polymorphism predisposes to warfarin resistance., Blood
    Kosaki K et al., 2006, 1173C&gt;T polymorphism in VKORC1 modulates the required warfarin dose., Pediatr Cardiol
    Shikata E et al., 2006, Multiple gene polymorphisms and warfarin sensitivity., Eur J Clin Pharmacol
    Li T et al., 2006, Polymorphisms in the VKORC1 gene are strongly associated with warfarin dosage requirements in patients receiving anticoagulation., J Med Genet
    Margaglione M et al., 2000, Genetic modulation of oral anticoagulation with warfarin., Thromb Haemost
    Cain D et al., 1998, Warfarin resistance is associated with a protein component of the vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase enzyme complex in rat liver., Thromb Haemost
    Gage BF et al., 2008, Pharmacogenetics of warfarin: regulatory, scientific, and clinical issues., J Thromb Thrombolysis
    Kimura R et al., 2006, Polymorphisms in vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylation-related genes influence interindividual variability in plasma protein C and protein S activities in the general population., Int J Hematol
    Gage BF, 2006, Pharmacogenetics-based coumarin therapy., Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program
    Lal et al., 2006, Pharmacogenetics of target genes across the warfarin pharmacological pathway., Clin Pharmacokinet
    Carlquist JF et al., 2006, Genotypes of the cytochrome p450 isoform, CYP2C9, and the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 conjointly determine stable warfarin dose: a prospective study., J Thromb Thrombolysis
    Kimura R et al., 2007, Genotypes of vitamin K epoxide reductase, gamma-glutamyl carboxylase, and cytochrome P450 2C9 as determinants of daily warfarin dose in Japanese patients., Thromb Res
    Sconce EA et al., 2006, Appraisal of current vitamin K dosing algorithms for the reversal of over-anticoagulation with warfarin: the need for a more tailored dosing regimen., Eur J Haematol
    Tham LS et al., 2006, A warfarin-dosing model in Asians that uses single-nucleotide polymorphisms in vitamin K epoxide reductase complex and cytochrome P450 2C9., Clin Pharmacol Ther
    Wadelius M et al., 2007, Pharmacogenetics of warfarin: current status and future challenges., Pharmacogenomics J
    Rettie AE et al., 2006, The pharmocogenomics of warfarin: closing in on personalized medicine., Mol Interv
    Obayashi K et al., 2006, VKORC1 gene variations are the major contributors of variation in warfarin dose in Japanese patients., Clin Pharmacol Ther
    Kamali F, 2006, Genetic influences on the response to warfarin., Curr Opin Hematol
    Sconce EA et al., 2006, APOE genotype makes a small contribution to warfarin dose requirements., Pharmacogenet Genomics
    Schwarz UI et al., 2006, Genetic determinants of dose and clinical outcomes in patients receiving oral anticoagulants., Clin Pharmacol Ther
    Herman D et al., 2006, The influence of sequence variations in factor VII, gamma-glutamyl carboxylase and vitamin K epoxide reductase complex genes on warfarin dose requirement., Thromb Haemost
    Aquilante CL et al., 2006, Influence of coagulation factor, vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1, and cytochrome P450 2C9 gene polymorphisms on warfarin dose requirements., Clin Pharmacol Ther
    Vecsler M et al., 2006, Combined genetic profiles of components and regulators of the vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylation system affect individual sensitivity to warfarin., Thromb Haemost
    Mushiroda T et al., 2006, Association of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms with warfarin dose requirements in Japanese patients., J Hum Genet
    Geisen C et al., 2005, VKORC1 haplotypes and their impact on the inter-individual and inter-ethnical variability of oral anticoagulation., Thromb Haemost
    Veenstra DL et al., 2005, Association of Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 (VKORC1) variants with warfarin dose in a Hong Kong Chinese patient population., Pharmacogenet Genomics
    Sconce EA et al., 2005, The impact of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genetic polymorphism and patient characteristics upon warfarin dose requirements: proposal for a new dosing regimen., Blood
    Lee CH et al., 2005, Venous thromboembolism: diagnosis and management of pulmonary embolism., Med J Aust
    Rieder MJ et al., 2005, Effect of VKORC1 haplotypes on transcriptional regulation and warfarin dose., N Engl J Med
    Yuan HY et al., 2005, A novel functional VKORC1 promoter polymorphism is associated with inter-individual and inter-ethnic differences in warfarin sensitivity., Hum Mol Genet
    Wadelius M et al., 2005, Common VKORC1 and GGCX polymorphisms associated with warfarin dose., Pharmacogenomics J
    Ho WK et al., 2005, Venous thromboembolism: diagnosis and management of deep venous thrombosis., Med J Aust
    Nutescu EA, 2004, Emerging options in the treatment of venous thromboembolism., Am J Health Syst Pharm
    D'Andrea G et al., 2005, A polymorphism in the VKORC1 gene is associated with an interindividual variability in the dose-anticoagulant effect of warfarin., Blood
    Li et al., 2004, Identification of the gene for vitamin K epoxide reductase., Nature
    Rost S et al., 2004, Mutations in VKORC1 cause warfarin resistance and multiple coagulation factor deficiency type 2., Nature
    Wadelius M et al., 2004, Warfarin sensitivity related to CYP2C9, CYP3A5, ABCB1 (MDR1) and other factors., Pharmacogenomics J
    Takahashi H et al., 2003, Pharmacogenetics of CYP2C9 and interindividual variability in anticoagulant response to warfarin., Pharmacogenomics J
    Higashi MK et al., 2002, Association between CYP2C9 genetic variants and anticoagulation-related outcomes during warfarin therapy., JAMA
    Oldenburg et al., Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1): the key protein of the vitamin K cycle., Antioxid. Redox Signal.
    Stafford, 2005, The vitamin K cycle., J. Thromb. Haemost.
    Lacut K et al., 2012, Impact of genetic factors (VKORC1, CYP2C9, CYP4F2 and EPHX1) on the anticoagulation response to fluindione., Br J Clin Pharmacol
  • ACENOCOUMAROL   VKORC1

    Interaction Score: 59.77

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Trial Name -
    Novel drug target Established target

    PMIDs:
    15790782 16815313 17596133 11752352 16869821 19515014 16611310 30983536 29577257 29479633 29432897 28689179 28033245 27581200 27488176 27335128 27262824 26777610 26445138 25769357 25521356 25519826 25244877 25089947 25042728 25001883 24956252 24919870 24474498 24108193 23774941 23774101 23651023 23602689 23473641 23423913 23159639 22920394 22592842 22571356 22486182 21636598 21148049 20020283 19875892 19277427 19270263 19225451 19018719 18950464 18781852 18698879 18690342 18574025


    Sources:
    TdgClinicalTrial TEND PharmGKB TTD

  • PHENPROCOUMON   VKORC1

    Interaction Score: 45.93

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Trial Name -
    Novel drug target Established target
    Mechanism of Interaction Vitamin k epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 isoform 1 inhibitor

    PMIDs:
    25001883 24919870 24474498 24224579 23774101 23602689 23423913 23299853 22920394 22592842 22571356 21636598 21148049 21057703 20833980 20376629 20020283 19270263 19225451 18950464 18781852 18698879 18690342 18629445 18574025 17596133 16815313 30983536 29577257 29432897 28689179 28033245 27581200 27488176 27262824 26984978 26777610 26445138 25769357 25521356 25519826 25244877 3207986 17192772 16201835 2706010 11752352


    Sources:
    TdgClinicalTrial ChemblInteractions TEND PharmGKB TTD

  • WARFARIN   VKORC1

    Interaction Score: 28.34

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Trial Name -
    Novel drug target Established target

    PMIDs:
    17413769 17510308 11752352 17161452 17275317 17653141 31653973 31395958 29781049 29577257 29432897 29396738 29298995 29054760 28689179 28429387 28382498 28262345 28049362 28033245 27581200 27488176 27262824 27121899 26777610 26445138 26433837 26257249 26223945 26219158 25989350 25769357 25594941 25521356 25519826 25312789 25244877 25084205 25042728 25026456 25001883 24919870 24728385 24474498 24330000 24029542 24019055 23949431 23932037 23774101 23602689 23423913 23279643 23208322 23183958 23159229 23104259 23061746 22990331 22854539 22676192 22616655 22592842 22571356 22549502 22534826 22528326 22349464 22248286 22075505 22040439 22010099 21981797 21900891 21635147 21383771 21326313 21318593 21273734 21185752 21176721 21174619 21148049 21110192 20833980 20833655 20615525 20585834 20421126 20410877 20386359 20339978 20203262 20072124 19875892 19874474 19794411 19745563 19582440 19387626 19297219 19177029 19135231 19077919 18950464 18752379 18698879 18690342 18574025 18542936 18466099 18240904 18234403 18030307 17989110 17456829 17391071 17329985 17110455 17031720 16821005 16611750 11127854 9684798 17906972 17189218 17124101 17112295 17111199 17049586 17042764 17015052 16983400 16960144 16890578 16888441 16847429 16815313 16815312 16676068 16611310 16580898 16493479 16432637 16270629 16141794 15947090 15938684 15930419 15888487 15883587 15865594 15790782 15597574 15358623 14765195 14765194 14676821 12931134 11926893


    Sources:
    TdgClinicalTrial TEND PharmGKB TTD FDA

  • PHENINDIONE   VKORC1

    Interaction Score: 24.73

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Trial Name -
    Novel drug target Established target
    Mechanism of Interaction Vitamin k epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 isoform 1 inhibitor

    PMIDs:
    9465843 17016423 17139284 11752352


    Sources:
    TdgClinicalTrial ChemblInteractions TEND TTD

  • FLUINDIONE   VKORC1

    Interaction Score: 12.37

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:

    PMIDs:
    21883387


    Sources:
    PharmGKB

  • TECARFARIN   VKORC1

    Interaction Score: 12.37

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    n/a

    Interaction Info:
    Trial Name tecarfarin, ATI-5923
    Novel drug target Established target

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    TdgClinicalTrial TTD

  • DICUMAROL   VKORC1

    Interaction Score: 7.07

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Vitamin k epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 isoform 1 inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes
    Trial Name -

    PMIDs:
    17016423 17139284 11752352 2424118


    Sources:
    TdgClinicalTrial ChemblInteractions TEND TTD

  • WARFARIN SODIUM   VKORC1

    Interaction Score: 6.18

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Mechanism of Interaction Vitamin k epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 isoform 1 inhibitor
    Direct Interaction yes

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    ChemblInteractions

  • WARFARIN POTASSIUM   VKORC1

    Interaction Score: 3.09

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    inhibitor (inhibitory)

    Interaction Info:
    Direct Interaction yes
    Mechanism of Interaction Vitamin k epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 isoform 1 inhibitor

    PMIDs:
    None found


    Sources:
    ChemblInteractions

  • MENADIONE   VKORC1

    Interaction Score: 1.32

    Interaction Types & Directionality:
    cofactor (activating)

    Interaction Info:
    Trial Name topical menadione lotion
    Novel drug target Established target

    PMIDs:
    16677080 16102054 17016423 17139284


    Sources:
    TdgClinicalTrial TEND

  • Ensembl: ENSG00000167397

    • Version: 101_38

    Alternate Names:
    VKORC1 Ensembl Gene Name

    Gene Info:
    Gene Biotype PROTEIN_CODING

    Publications:

  • TdgClinicalTrial: Q9BQB6

    • Version: January-2014

    Alternate Names:
    VKORC1 Gene Symbol

    Gene Info:
    Target Class Enzymes
    Target Subclass EC:1.1.4.1

    Publications:

  • TEND: Q9BQB6

    • Version: 01-August-2011

    Alternate Names:
    Q9BQB6 Uniprot Accession
    ENSG00000167397 Ensembl Gene Id
    79001 Entrez Gene Id

    Gene Info:
    Transmembrane Helix Count 5
    Target Main Class Enzymes
    Target Subclass 1.1

    Publications:

  • PharmGKB: VKORC1

    • Version: 18-August-2020

    Alternate Names:
    PA133787052 PharmGKB ID

    Gene Info:

    Publications:
    Cavallari LH et al., 2010, Genetic and clinical predictors of warfarin dose requirements in African Americans., Clin Pharmacol Ther
    Zambon CF et al., 2011, VKORC1, CYP2C9 and CYP4F2 genetic-based algorithm for warfarin dosing: an Italian retrospective study., Pharmacogenomics
    Choi JR et al., 2011, Proposal of pharmacogenetics-based warfarin dosing algorithm in Korean patients., J Hum Genet

  • ChemblInteractions: VKOR

    • Version: chembl_23

    Alternate Names:
    VKOR GENE_SYMBOL
    MSTP576 GENE_SYMBOL
    UNQ308/PRO351 GENE_SYMBOL

    Gene Info:

    Publications:

  • HingoraniCasas: ENSG00000167397

    • Version: 31-May-2017

    Alternate Names:
    ENSG00000167397 Gene Symbol
    VKORC1 Ensembl Id

    Gene Info:

    Gene Categories:
    DRUGGABLE GENOME

    Publications:

  • TTD: Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1

    • Version: 2020.06.01

    Alternate Names:
    VKORC1 TTD Gene Abbreviation
    T11843 TTD Target ID

    Gene Info:

    Publications:

  • Pharos: VKORC1

    • Version: 01-February-2022

    Alternate Names:
    Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 Gene Name
    Q9BQB6 UniProt ID

    Gene Info:

    Gene Categories:
    ENZYME

    Publications:

  • FDA: VKORC1

    • Version: 04-September-2020

    Alternate Names:

    Gene Info:

    Publications:

Disclaimer: This resource is intended for purely research purposes. It should not be used for emergencies or medical or professional advice.

A finding of a drug-gene interaction or potentially druggable category does not necessarily indicate effectiveness (or lack thereof) of any drug or treatment regimen. A finding of no interaction or no potentially druggable category does not necessarily indicate lack of effectiveness of any drug or treatment regimen. Drug-gene interactions or potentially druggable categories are not presented in ranked order of potential or predicted efficacy.

The dgidb.org website does not provide any medical or healthcare products, services or advice, and is not for medical emergencies or urgent situations. IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY, CALL YOUR DOCTOR OR 911 IMMEDIATELY. Information contained on this website is not a substitute for a doctor's medical judgment or advice. We recommend that you discuss your specific, individual health concerns with your doctor or health care professional.

DGIdb (v4.2.0 - sha1 afd9f30b) • Last updated 2020-10-21